What is a Certificate of Origin (COO)?

A certificate of origin proves where goods were grown, produced, or manufactured. 

Many countries need this information for customs clearance, and customs authorities often use the COO certificate to apply the correct duties, check quotas, and confirm if any Free Trade Agreement (FTA) rules apply.

You usually need one certificate of origin per shipment. Some countries accept online applications, while others may need a stamped form from the local chamber of commerce. In some cases, an embassy or foreign ministry must also approve the document. 

Many exporters use a freight forwarder or customs broker to help manage the process.

Understanding what is certificate of origin and how to obtain one is crucial for those involved in international trade. A COO certificate is key for customs clearance and legal compliance. It shows your goods meet the rules of origin for tariff benefits or other trade conditions.

For example, when shipping from Hong Kong SAR, China to Europe or the USA, a Hong Kong SAR, China certificate of origin should be provided to accurately declare the goods’ country of origin and calculate any tariffs and to determine whether any exemptions or rules such as de minimis apply.

There are two main types of certificate of origin:

• Non-preferential Certificate of Origin: Used to prove country of origin for most markets. These help determine quotas, sanctions, or general tariffs. 

• Preferential Certificate of Origin: Used for goods that qualify for reduced or zero tariffs under an FTA. They prove goods meet the negotiated rules of origin.

Many exporters now use a Digital Certificate of Origin or Electronic Certificate of Origin for faster processing and better tracking.

Obtain a certificate of origin for export by following these key steps: 

• Sign a clear commercial contract with your buyer 

• Check which type of COO certificate you need (e.g. non-preferential or preferential) 

• Check if self-certification is an option for your agreement 

• Gather proof of country of origin such as invoices or Bills of Lading 

• Register with an issuing body like a local chamber of commerce and complete the application

Always sign export documents correctly and keep clear records. Claims of origin can be checked for as many as three to seven years after the importation or claim under most FTAs.

The information provided in this document does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal and/or business advice; instead, the information contained herein is for general informational purposes only. Readers of this document should contact their own advisor to obtain advice with respect to any particular matter or topic addressed herein. The content in this document is provided on an “as is” basis; FedEx makes no warranties or representations in relation to the currency, accuracy and/or sufficiency of the information set out herein and shall not be liable for any reliance placed on the same.  For the avoidance of doubt, any and all liability with respect to actions taken or not taken based on the contents of this document are hereby expressly disclaimed.